![]() 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine.The International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence claims that territorial integrity is not violated as far as international law is concerned by declarations of independence in themselves. However, this responsibility to protect refers only to the ability of external powers to override sovereignty and does not explicitly involve the changing of borders. The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674, adopted by the United Nations Security Council on April 28, 2006, "Reaffirm the provisions of paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document regarding the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity". It has been argued that this could create a flexible application of concepts of sovereignty and territorial integrity, easing the strict adherence and taking into account the de facto status of the territory and other factors present on a case by case basis. Military situation of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh between 20Īt the 2005 World Summit, the world's nations agreed on a "Responsibility to Protect", allowing a right for humanitarian intervention. The recent (post-World War II) strict application of territorial integrity has given rise to a number of problems and, when faced with reality "on the ground", can be seen as too artificial a construct. The Helsinki Final Act dealt with both the inviolability of frontiers and the territorial integrity of States, among other things. With the formation of the United Nations (UN) and, later, such organizations as the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (now Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe), territorial integrity became a part of international resolutions. Most historians say that the League was discredited by its failure to make these judgements effective. It broadly supported the Chinese Republic over the creation of Manchukuo in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. It did condemn the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. The League of Nations was intended to uphold territorial integrity and other principles of international law. However, ancient Chinese and ancient Indigenous cultures of North America and Australia, amongst others, contain diverse territorial understandings surrounding regional integrity. ![]() Supporters of the concept of Westphalian sovereignty consider that the modern idea of territorial integrity began with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Ancient and medieval nobility would fight private wars amongst while still acknowledging the same king or emperor, such as was case in the Spring and Autumn period in ancient China, when the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were nominal rulers. There were also sometimes several layers of authority, with units waging war on each other while both recognising some higher authority. Intrusion into these territories was often considered an act of war, and normally resulted in combat. History of territorial integrity Īs far back as the earliest written records known, there have been political units claiming a definite territory. ![]() In recent years there has been tension between this principle and the concept of humanitarian intervention under Article 73.b of the United Nations Charter "to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement." Conversely it states that imposition by force of a border change is an act of aggression. It is enshrined in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and has been recognized as customary international law. ![]() Territorial integrity is the principle under international law that gives the right to sovereign states to defend their borders and all territory in them of another state. JSTOR ( November 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Territorial integrity" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. ![]()
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